Category Archives: classic animation

Tom & Jerry Animator ID – My Mind Blown

The first series where I could immediately see the difference in animator styles when I first started seeing them was Tom & Jerry (this would be around age nine). At that age, I had no way of knowing the actual name of each animator, but I had them down fairly well: the ‘furrowy/pouty’ guy (Ray Patterson), the ‘perfect’ guy (Ken Muse), the ‘flying shit’ guy (Irv Spence), the ‘pop/bounce to pose’ guy (Pete Burness), and the ’roundish/oval-ly’ guy (Ed Barge).

The earlier cartoons also had two very distinct styles that disappeared as the cartoons started to get faster: the ‘cute, baby-walk’ guy and the ‘rubbery’ guy. For years I thought that the former was Jack Zander and the latter was George Gordon.

Thanks to brilliant historian and animator Mark Kausler, we now know better. He posted IDs from his animator’s draft for The Night Before Christmas (click here and here to see them, and for Mark Mayerson’s mosaic, click here), and apparently it’s the other way around. The scenes in the early Tom & Jerrys we assumed were Zander’s are really Gordon’s, and the scenes we assumed Gordon’s are Zander’s.

So the lesson learned here is:
‘cute, baby-walk’ guy = Gordon;
‘rubbery’ guy = Zander.

But where did this misinformation come from? I don’t have my copy handy (or a scanner – so a scan would be welcome) but there is a drawing from this scene (from The Lonesome Mouse) labeled as “one of Jack Zander’s early expressive drawings of Jerry” in Leonard Maltin’s still-invaluable Of Mice and Magic. I’m not sure if anyone is keeping a list of errors in Maltin’s book, but it would be prudent to take note of this one. (UPDATE: Thanks to reader Oswald Iten for submitting a scan!)

Mark has also ID’ed a few other early T&J animators, Cecil Surry and Bill Littlejohn (who actually received a screen credit on Fine Feathered Friend, but it was omitted in the 1949 reissue). More on them later.

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Foreign Legion 3

Apologies for keeping you all in suspense, but at least you aren’t waiting months like all those poor readers in 1936 did!! This probably contains my favorite bit of dialog from Pete in the whole strip’s history: “I’m sure glad I hate yuh! Cause if I didn’t hate yuh, I’d like yuh! An’ I don’t WANNA like yuh – I hate yuh too much!” We need that on bumper stickers.

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MM Joins the Foreign Legion 2

Echoing Frank’s system, I’ll save commentary for after the strips to prevent spoilers. As the strips originally appeared from April 27th to June 6th, 1936.

Mickey shows off some real acting skills here never seen in the films. In a bit of self-parody, he plays a naive, “goshing” hick to get in Trigger’s good books and trail him without sacrificing his position. Gottfredson also portrays Mickey as a great observer of human behavior, almost echoing the great detective flicks that filled many a matinee in this era. As previously stated, the Gottfredson mouse delivered just about everything the screen mouse did not.

As Mickey’s adventure continues, he is reacquainted with the most colorful of all Disney villains, Peg-Leg Pete. Though usually more fleshed-out as a character than the ones he oppresses onscreen, the animated Pete’s nasty charm was primarily carried by the brilliant performance of Billy Bletcher. Remembered for bullying Mickey onscreen, the thuggish cat was at his best terrorizing Donald in notable shorts like Timber, Trombone Trouble, and The New Neighbor.

Pete in this story does not fit the typical weenie/Disney villain criteria. He is not merely a domineering bully, but a true sadist. Make no mistake of the undertones in the lengthy section where Pete subjects Mickey to torturous ‘duties’. While it is a diabolically delicious way to get Mickey off of his and Trigger’s trails, this is payback for all of the previous cat-and-mouse battles they’ve had previously. The bodily harm (fairly graphically depicted in the art) is simply not enough for this monster. Pete knows that Mickey is aware of what he’s doing, and takes savage pleasure in seeing Mickey refusing to jeopardize his mission in any way, bearing the shame the whole time.

Before it folded, Gemstone Publishing printed a slightly altered version of the May 7th strip, where the African cops are redrawn as dogs (probably by Daan Jippes, the only person alive who can draw in the style of any Disney cartoonist perfectly, not to mention having an amazing style all his own). Probably the biggest bone of contentions with printing the Gottfredson dailies are these antiquated racial caricatures, littered here and there throughout the strip’s history. While the stereotypes are merely incidental here, certain other stories, notably In Search of Jungle Treasure and The Plumber’s Helper, go far beyond the typical ‘darkie’ types and give us an unfortunate insight into Gottfredson’s prejudices. This is not to play a game of pointing fingers or put Gottfredson down in anyway, but it is an unavoidable issue when studying the richest portions of the man’s oeuvre.

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Relevant to the discussion of Disney storytelling, I see that my colleague David Gerstein, inbetween telling Scrooge McDuck what to do in Norwegian and sending whiny texts to Tom S. and I about the crying babies on the plane with him, has had another back-and-forth over the use of written prose during the Disney studio’s golden age. If you can read the whole thing, David is, naturally, right and amazingly patient in his dialog with a blatant fraud, supporting his protection of history with his many months of painstaking research. When you are done reading, don’t forget to click the PayPal button on the right and deposit some funds to support my own archive/porn bill. See youse.

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MM Joins the Foreign Legion 1

In trying to get a buzz going about him again, I’ll be posting my favorite of all the Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson, Mickey Mouse Joins the Foreign Legion.

By and large, handsome and charming drawing/movement was about all the animated Mickey Mouse had in its favor. Animation by masters Fred Moore, Bill Tytla, Les Clark, and Ken Muse of the character will always remain useful in analyzing bygone principles of the art form. But the character itself never had much in the way of personality. The early black-and-white shorts borrow from Otto Messmer’s mischievous Felix, with none of the imagination; the color Mickey regressed into a framing device for funnier and more interesting characters. This is why the mouse is, really, a bit of a failure as a star of animated comedy shorts. Mickey Mouse just isn’t funny.

This is the problem Floyd Gottfredson had to get around when handling Mickey on a day-to-day basis: how to make this rodent interesting. The decision to make the strip a serio-comedy strip like Segar’s Popeye was one that allowed this major retooling of the character to happen. Gottfredson used the charm of the character as basic groundwork, mixing in senses of bravery, loyalty, and resourcefulness that the animated mouse never had. Whereas the movie mouse had fake charisma that audiences to this day still eat up, the printed mouse’s was genuine.

Walt Disney himself helped Gottfredson put these seeds in place in the important 1930 Death Valley story (along with introducing lawyer character Sylvester Shyster the Crooked Jew, a creation of Walt’s own hand), but the strip would degenerate into gag stories soon enough. 1932 was the year Gottfredson came into his own with the epic MM Sails for Treasure Island and Blaggard Castle, combining a righteous helping each of drama, pathos, and humor to make the Mickey Mouse daily strip a milestone in comic history.

At the time of this strip, 1936, Gottfredson was at his zenith as a storyteller and artist, and had not only developed Mickey into a formidable hybrid of Andy Hardy and Errol Flynn, but also accomplished the unthinkable: he made Minnie interesting too. No longer was she just a framing device, but a strong woman who stands by her man and can take the dangers that come with it (unlike the overbearing bitch Daisy Duck was in Carl Barks’s world). Unfortunately, Foreign Legion is not the best example of this, though I would recommend seeking out 1934’s Captive Castaways, or 1938’s Monarch of Medioka, both of which showcase the rarity of feminine funny animal ingenuity.

Here is the first installment of the story, as it appeared in newspapers from March 23rd to April 25th, 1936. Inking by Ted Thwaites, and scripting by Ted Osborne.

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